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Fakta Unik Dan Menarik Kehidupan Sekolah Di Jepangby hendi2013 |
SCHOOL LIFE IN JAPAN: SCHOOL DAY, LUNCHES, PINWORM CHECKS, CELL PHONES, RULES
- SCHOOL LIFE IN JAPAN
- Japanese School Year and School Day
- Japanese School Week
- Clean Classrooms in Japan
- School Lunches in Japan
- Health Checks, Pinworms and Air Conditioning in Schools in Japan
- School Uniforms and Changing Clothes in Japan
- School Rules in Japan
- School Class Size and Student Organization in Japan
- Swimming Lessons in Japan
- Education Technology in Japan
- Parents and Schools in Japan
- Education Crazy Mothers in Japan
- Little Free Time for Children in Japan
- Secondary School Life
- Japanese Children, Teenagers and Cell Phones
- Cell Phones in Schools in Japan
- Stressed Students in Japan
- Smart Japanese Kids
SCHOOL LIFE IN JAPAN
heading to school
Japan only requires nine years of compulsory education. The Japanese
education system consists of six years of elementary school, three years
of middle school and three years of high school.
Japanese elementary schools tend to be highly-organized but fun and
emphasize community responsibility and group activities. More Japanese
elementary school students say they enjoy school than their American
counterparts. Education doesn't get to be oppressive until middle school
and high school when students are required to memorize a lot of facts,
and do a lot of math and science problems in preparation for major
entrance exams.
Average years of school for people 25 years and older: 10.6 years for
females; 10.8 years for males (Compared to 1.2 years for females and 3.5
years for males in India; and 12.4 years for females and 12.2 years for
males in the United States.
In 1986, around 94 percent of all students entered high school (a
similar ratio to the United States) and 35 percent of all secondary
school graduates continued on to university. The drop out rate in Japan
is 10 percent compared to 25 percent in the United States.
About 87.6 percent of all students attend public schools. Some families
spend half their income on private schools for their children.
The number of students is declining. In 2003, 1.27 million students
graduated from high school down from a peek of 1.8 million in 1992. Good Websites and Sources: Good Photos at Japan-Photo Archive japan-photo.de ; Lives of Japanese Elemtary School Students tjf.or.jp/shogakusei ; Shinjuku Board of Education on School Life shinjuku.lg.jp/foreign ; A Day in the Life of a Japanese Kid cusd.chico.k12.ca.us ; Kids Web Japan web-japan.org/kidsweb/faq/life ; Kid’s Life on Japan library.thinkquest.org ; Daily Life in a Japanese High School ericdigests.org ; Wikipedia article on Secondary Education in Japan Wikipedia ; International Study on Working Conditions of School Personnel pdf file nfer.ac.uk/nfer/publications Links in this Website: EDUCATION SYSTEM IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; SCHOOLS IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; TEACHERS IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; SCHOOL LIFE IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; BULLYING AND SCHOOL PROBLEMS IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; UNIVERSITIES IN JAPAN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; JAPANESE CHILDREN Factsanddetails.com/Japan ; JAPANESE TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS Factsanddetails.com/Japan Japanese School Year and School Day
school day begins
with putting shoes in
special shoe boxes
The Japanese school year extends for 210 or so days—compared to 180 in
the United States, 251 in China, 220 in South Korea, and 214 in Israel.
The Japanese academic year extends from early April to the end of March
and is divided into three terms: 1) April to July, 2) September to
December, and 3) January to March. There is a six week vacation in the
summer, two weeks in winter and two weeks in spring. Some schools follow
a two-term schedule. There is strict cut off date for which grade a kid
goes into with those born in March going to one grade and those born in
April going into another. Educators have recommended that the start of
the school year be changed from April to September or October to be in
line with the rest of the world.
The school day lasts from around 8:00am to 3:00pm but varies from day
to day. Although it is a little longer than in the U.S. school day,
Japanese students generally have more free time and breaks during their
time at school. Sports clubs, even ones for elementary school, sometimes
require students to show up for practice early in the morning or stay
at school until 6:30 or 7:00pm.
The Japanese make more of a big deal about the beginning of a child's
education career than the end. Large celebrations are held and expensive
presents are given when a child enters kindergarten not when he or she
graduates from high school or university.
Japanese students often go on more field trips than their American
counterparts. Young students often make annual trips to farms to harvest
sweet potatoes and rice. In many school districts fifth graders take a
mandatory overnight ski and sledding trip and sixth graders do an
overnight trip to Hiroshima, often combined with an outing to a theme
park. A popular trip in the Tokyo area is one day at the
World-War-II-era, 1.6-kilometers underground tunnel system at the
Akayama air raid shelter and one day at Tokyo Disneyland. Around 30
school days each year are taken up with field trips, cultural festivals
and other ceremonies.Japanese School Week
aerial view of a typical school
The gradual transition from a six-day school week to a five-day week
was completed in 2002. Before the early 1990s there was school every
Saturday morning. The five-day school week was introduced once week a
month on 1992 and expanded to twice a month in 1995 before going into
full effect in the 2002-2003 school year. Many private schools, however,
continued to hold Saturday classes, and in recent years some public
high schools have obtained special permission to reintroduce Saturday
classes to give them more time to cover the necessary subjects.
The five-day school week has resulted in a reduction of class hours in
all subjects. To compensate somewhat students are required to take three
days of an extracurricular activity such as badminton, rugby or
debating. Sometimes these activities are scheduled after school.
Sometimes they are scheduled on the weekends.
Surveys have found that about 70 percent of all students like the
five-day school week. Among those who don’t like it are 12-year-olds who
worry that the new system will jeopardize their chances of getting into
a good university. Other have said that without school they get bored.
Some parents have complained that students were already spending too
much time playing video games and fooling around and less school and
study time was the last thing they needed. Many private schools have
kept the six-day school week. Other tried the five-day week and then
went back to the six day week.
The introduction of the five-day school week was also viewed as a
challenge to families and communities to come up with things for
children to do in their free time. In some areas, volunteers have
offered classes in handicrafts, pottery, calligraphy and games like go
and shogi. Studies have shown that more children are participated in
outdoor activities on the weekend but a large number still spend a lot
of time watching television, playing video games or sleeping more.
The five-day school has been blamed for declines in academic
performances. There has been discussion of reforming the five day school
week by requiring more classroom hours by shortening the vacations or
extending daily class hours to make up for the hours lost by dropping
Saturday classes.Clean Classrooms in Japan
Souji
("honorable cleaning") is a period of about 15 minutes each day when
all activities come to a stop, mops and buckets appears and everyone
pitches in cleaning up. Often the teachers and principals get on their
hands and knees and join students.
Japanese schools don't have any janitors because the students and staff
do all the cleaning. Students in elementary school, middle school, and
high school sweep the hall floors after lunch and before they go home at
the end of the day. They also clean the windows, scrub the toilets and
empty the trash cans under the supervision of student leaders. During
lunchtime, sometimes donning hairnets, students help serve the meals and
clear away dishes.
A member of the Board of Education in a town in Hokkaido told U.S. News
and World Report, “Education is not only teaching subjects but also
cooperation with others, ethics, a sense of responsibility, and public
morality. Doing shores contributes to this. Besides, if students make a
mess, they know they have to clean it up. So naturally the try to keep
things clean.”
“Cleaning is just one of a web of activities that signal to children
that they are valued members of a community,” Christopher Bjork, an
educational anthropologist at Vasser Collage told U.S. News and World
Report.School Lunches in Japan
making school lunch
All primary school kids eat school lunches, and about 8 percent of
middle school students do. Japanese students eat their lunches in the
classrooms (there are no cafeterias in Japanese schools) and help
prepare and serve school lunches. Food is served from stainless serving
trays and large pots by students, who sometimes wear surgical masks,
aprons and hair protection. The food is often prepared in a kitchen on
one floor and transported to the classroom on special carts using
special elevators.
Typical Japanese school lunch meals include beef with potatoes and
vegetables; cold noodles with mixed nuts and melon; curry and rice with
salad and pickles; fried squid with fried potatoes and soup; and eel
sushi with soup and fruit in jelly. A typical school lunch is comprised
of miso soup, spinach and Chinese cabbage in almond paste, natto (“fermented soy beans”), rice and milk and has 621 calories and cost $1.68.
Fees for school lunches is around ¥3,900 a month in primary school and
¥4,500 a month in middle schools. Children are expected to eat
everything. Once a teacher was so outraged by finding some rice in a
trash can she made her eat eight-year-old students eat it.Health Checks, Pinworms and Air Conditioning in Schools in Japan
Students get mandatory free health checks at school. Their hearing,
vision, heart and lungs are checked. Dentists check their teeth. Urine
samples are collected and tested for diabetes and urinary-tract
infections. One of the more unpleasant experiences is the pinworm test
which is done at home.
Pinworm are tiny parasites that cause rectal itching and other health
problems. They are found in around 4 percent of all students. Female
pinworms live in the appendix and emerge from the anus to lay their
eggs. Testing involves placing special adhesive tape on the a student’s
anus on two consecutive days and taking these tapes to a laboratory and
checking them under a microscope for eggs.
Classrooms are not heated or air conditioned. In the winter students
show up in their winter coats, scarves and gloves. Sometimes their ears
and noses turn red and they can see their breath. In July, they endure
sweltering classrooms without even fans.
Most schoolyards are covered in dirt, asphalt or crushed limestone. In
2006, a decision was made to put turf on 2,000 primary and muddle
schools in the Tokyo area over the next 10 years. The move was made to
improve the environment for children’s outside activities and combat the
urban heat island effect.School Uniforms and Changing Clothes in Japan
Small children wear colored-coded caps and have badges pinned to there
shoulders that indicate their grade. In elementary school, students
generally don't wear school uniforms but they do wear them in middle
school and high school. The boy's uniform consists of a blue cotton
Mao-style jacket with matching pants. The girl's uniform consists of a
is solid-dark-colored or plaid knee-length skirt and a sailor-style or
plain white blouse.
There are winter uniforms and summer uniforms and spot checks on the
uniforms to make sure they are in order. As might be expected, students,
especially girls, flaunt the rules by wearing their uniforms in ways
they were not meant worn. Girls wear their short tails out, their
collars turned up and pull their skirts way up so the become ultra short
miniskirts. They often bring make-up and current fashion items in their
school bags and change into them after school. See Loose Socks, Fads.
In some places, girls wear uniforms to school that don’t use uniforms
and school uniform manufacturers have opened up boutiques to sell their
clothes to the general public.
In elementary school, boys and girls change into sports clothes
together in the same classroom in in first, second and third grade. Boys
generally don’t give the girls a second glance. Girls usually wear
skirts that day so they can slip on their sports pants without having to
take anything off. From the forth grade on they change clothes in
different rooms.School Rules in Japan
In the 1870s educator William Elliot Griffin wrote that Japanese
students "delights his teacher's heart by his docility, his industry,
his obedience, his reverence, his politeness." Many foreigners who have
taught or spent time in Japanese school feel that Griffins observations
still largely hold true today. Others have found that for polite kid
there is a trouble maker. Students who have been caught cheating have had their heads shaved and have been expelled from school.
Children in Japan learn preparedness at an early age. In kindergarten
they are taught to fold their jackets properly and always have tissue in
one pocket and a handkerchief in the other. In grade school they learn
to have three sharpened pencils in their desk—not four, not two—and
always have glue, rulers and erasers close at hand in their pencil
boxes. Elementary school students change into slippers when they arrive
at school and put their shoes on special shelves. They all carry the
same kind of correct backpack and are informed of the one correct way to
adjust its straps.
Japanese schools have strict rules about fingernail length and hair
styles. Cosmetics are banned and students with long or died hair
sometimes have it shorn on the spot by a teacher or principal.As might
be expected students, especially girls, flaunt the rules by wearing
their uniforms in ways they were not meant worn. Girls wear their short
tails out, their collars turned up and pull their skirts way up so the
become ultra short miniskirts.
Standing out or displaying signs of individualism are often frowned
upon at Japanese secondary schools. At a middle school in Kitakyushu
filmed by News Zero a principal greeted students at the gate
and directed those with tinted hair to a designated area where a teacher
spray painted their hair black. Video showed students covering their
face and eyes while they were being spray painted.
The sturdy backpacks favored by Japanese kids are made of thick,
durable leather. They sell for between $200 and $500 and come in a
variety of colors and models although but have the same basic design.
Grandparents of often buy new students backpacks when they enter the
first grade and the students are expected to keep the same pack
throughout their elementary school career. It is possible to get
negative ion school backpacks with “specially prepared natural minerals”
and aromatherapy models.School Class Size and Student Organization in Japan
The number of students in each classroom is generally larger than in
the United States. The teacher to student ratio is listed at 21 to 1 for
Japan but a typical primary school class has around 31 to 35 students; a
typical middle school class has 36 to 40 students; and a typical
secondary school class has 45 students. When asked what they think is an
ideal class size most teachers say between 21 and 25.
Teachers organize student into groups with student leaders and other
members of the group using peer pressure to keep the group members in
line. There is an emphasis on functioning harmoniously as a group. If
one students acts up or doesn’t do chores, it is up to the other
students to pressure him to act right,
The students in Japanese schools are generally better behaved and there
are far fewer discipline problems than in the United States. Studies
have also shown that Japanese students on average spend about one-third
more time learning each class period than American students do.
Students identify very closely with the kids in their grade, arguably
more so than in the United States. Teachers change classrooms rather
than students, leaving students with the same group all day. Substitute
teachers often are not necessary because the students can direct their
own activities.
Japanese kids have a lot of summer homework. Traditionally it has been
regarded as shameful for students to ask too many questions in the
classroom. Senior (sempai)-junior (kohai) relations
are important in defining how students behave with kids in their class
and with older and younger kids, teachers and administrators. See
Children.
To improve the quality of education some schools have started stressing
“Finnish-style” classes on which small groups discuss of a variety of
topics, such as competition and personal worries, the result is that
students are more willing to express their opinionsEducation Technology in Japan
As of March 2010, about 56,000 public schools in Japan were using
electronic blackboards, three times the number a year before. A number
of schools got them as part of an economic stimulus package. One survey
found that between 30 percent and 50 percent of the teachers in schools
that had the device didn’t know how to use them.
In Japan can you find classes of forth graders where every student has a
laptop or a tablet computer. One of the biggest obstacles to overcome
in these classes is the fact that some students are far more familiar
and adept with computers than others. The Japanese government is
considering providing every student with a tablet-style computer by
2020.
Primary school science, teachers say, is declining due to a lack of
funds and teachers with adequate skills. Some teachers use their days
off and their own money to do things like building insect cages for
their classrooms.Swimming Lessons in Japan
Nearly every school in Japan has an outdoor swimming pool. In
elementary school swimming lessons are part of the school year
curriculum and are offered free during the summer. The goals is teach
swimming to kids so they can enjoy the sport and feel safe around water.
In June when the swimming lesson start parents are given detailed
handouts of what is expected of them and their children. Students must
wear regulations swim suits and caps with their name, grade and class
written on them. Parents are supposed to check their child's temperature
every day and mark it on a card that says their child is healthy enough
to swim that day. Parents put their hanko (chop) on the card. If a
child does not have the card he or she can not swim that day.
Students change into their swim suits at school, with girls in one
classroom and boys in another. They carefully stretch and shower, and
sometimes walk through a hip-deep pool of disinfectant and finally enter
the pool about 60 at a time. The kids regular classroom teacher dons a
bathing suit and teaches the classes. The students are taught different
skills and proceed up a ladder of 15 ranks.
Students in many places are required to swim a certain distance such as
100 meters, 200 meters or 400 meters. If they can’t they have to attend
a special summer training program.Parents and Schools in Japan
In a survey in 2005, 80 percent of the Japanese parents said they were worried about their children’s studies.
Japan has PTAs which usually operate under the school’s supervision
rather than the other way around. Parents are often very involved in
PTAs. Sometimes organization of a PTA is a little inefficient, with more
people putting in more time than is really necessary but the work load
is shared fairly equally by all parents of children in the school.
Japanese PTAs are different than American PTAs in that they demand
parents pay about $50 up front and generally do not have to engage in
fund-raising or sponsor bake sales. Japanese PTAs generally do not buy
things for the school. Instead of money parents are expected to give
their time in terms of participating in school festivals and serving as a
class manager, and sponsoring welcoming parties for new students and
new parents. See Monster Parents BelowEducation Crazy Mothers in Japan
heavy backpacks
The Japanese family is the cornerstone of the Japanese school program,
and because the father is rarely home, the mother bears most of the
responsibility for making sure her children do well in school. She
drills her children, reads to them and works hard to supplement what
they are taught in school, and sometimes even attends their classes when
they are sick, sitting in special large desks designed for the mothers,
so their children don't fall behind. Mothers, not her children, are the
ones who are blamed if a child gets low marks in school. [Update: the
bit about the mothers attending classes for their sick children is from a
Smithsonian magazine article from the early 1990s. It is not done much
today. Many Japanese laugh and roll their eyes when I mentions it. It is
also worth mentioning there are a lot of Japanese mothers out who are
not so engaged in their child's education]
According to a U.S. Department of Education report: "Much of a mother's
sense of personal accomplishment is tied to the educational
achievements of her children, and she expends great effort helping them.
In addition there is considerable peer pressure on the mother. The
community's perception of a woman's success as a mother depends in large
part on how well her children do in school."
Mothers in Japan are obsessed with their children's education are
called Education Crazy Mothers. Describing one, Carol Simons wrote in
Smithsonian magazine, "she studies, she packs lunch, she waits in lines
to register her child for exams and waits again in the hallways for
hours while he takes them. She denies herself TV so her child can study
in quiet and she stirs noddles at 11:00pm for the scholars snack...She
knows all the teachers, has researched their backgrounds and how
successful their previous students have been in passing exams. She
carefully chooses her children's schools and juku and has spent hours
accompanying them to classes."
Mothers of elementary-school-age children also attend gymnastic, violin
and sumo wrestling classes with their children so they can help their
kids practice at home. Extreme "education crazy mothers" accompany their
sons to their first day of classes at university and even their first
day of work after graduation. Mothers are often judged by how well they prepare their child's o'bento,
an "honorable lunchbox" which usually contains fresh peas, boiled eggs,
lotus roots, mint leaves, tomatoes, carrots, fruit salad, minced
chicken, seaweed is cut into teddy bear shapes and fluffy white rice
with a plumb in the middle (symbolizing the rising sun on the Japanese
flag).
A sloppy lunch box is regarded as a sign of an uncaring mother. Making
bentos has been described as means for mothers “to demonstrate their
devotion to motherhood, dedication to heir children’s nutrition and
creative skills. One mother told AP, “This is about my pride.”Little Free Time for Children in Japan
Elementary school students have plenty of time to play around with
their friends after school if they are not too busy with after-school
activities. A typical middle school or high school students, however,
arrives home from school at around 4:00pm, has a quick snack and attends
cram school classes, often three times a week from 5:00pm to 10:00pm.
Sometimes students have cram school classes Saturday and all day Sunday
too.
Elementary school kids are usually very busy with activities two or
three days a week after school Girl usually take ballet, dance or piano.
Boys play baseball or do karate. Both boys and girls take English,
calligraphy, arithmetic or swimming lessons.
One of the biggest tragedies of the Japanese education system is the
fact that children and teenagers study all the time and they have little
time left over for fun. Students at one Japanese high school were
beside themselves with envy when a visiting American high school student
talked about how he spent his after school hours driving a car to the
mall, dating, making money with a part-time job and talking on the phone
for hours in the evening.
A typical Japanese student takes a break after school and then runs off
to juku classes. Later he or she often does homework. One Japanese
student told U.S. News and World report, "I can play an hour with my
friends before cram school."Secondary School Life
Japanese
secondary students have a shorter summer vacation but a longer winter
one than their American counterparts. On an average day, Japanese high
school students attend school from 8:30am to 4:00pm and have 2 to 6
hours of homework a night, depending on the school, individual and how
immersed in exam hell they are. Many attend cram school in the afternoon
and on weekends and are heavily involved in sports or club activities.
High schools are ranked and students who attended them are identifiable
by their school uniforms. Those that attend low-ranked schools stand
out. Once a students has been condemned to low school it is hard for
them to make advancements in life. Describing the students in an a
vocational high school, Karl Taro Greenfield wrote, "The kids were
friendly, jovial and not at all interested in learning English. Most of
them slept during class, others kept up a steady stream of jabber, and
when I tried to quiet them, they simply walked out...The girls dyed
their hair reddish brown. Tattoos abound. Take, a guitar player....asked
about drug prices in Los Angeles."
Surveys indicated to show that secondary students are goofing off more.
One poll that half of final year high school students do less than two
hours of studying a day outside of school and one in five did hardly any
studying at home. A government survey found that a third of middle and high school students slept during the day. In a piece on a high school in Kitakyushu by the Japanese television station News Zero
first year students came across as being eager and hopeful; third years
students seemed burnt out from preparing for university exams; and
second year students appeared aggressive and rebellious, anxious to take
out their frustration in first year students for not showing proper
respect.Japanese Children, Teenagers and Cell Phones
According to 2008 government statistics 31 percent of primary school
students carry cell phones. DoCoMo Mo offers a line of cell phones for
small children, with software ranging from picture books to school
scheduling pads aimed t helping them to learn . In 2001, only 10 percent
of Japanese elementary-school and middle-school-age kids had their own
cell phones.
As of early 2008, 60 percent of middle school students had cell phones,
and nearly half of them used them to send 20 or more e-males a day but
rarely used them to talk, and 96 percent of high school students used
them, with high school boys using their phones an average of 92 minutes a
day and high school girls using theirs 124 minutes.
A survey in he Osaka area in 2008 found that 18.2 percent of middle
school students and 29.5 percent of high school students use their cell
phones mor than three hours a day and found that eight percent of first
year female high school students send 100 or more e-mails a day.Cell Phones in Schools in Japan
Students routinely check and send e-mails under their desks and even
take pictures during class. Even in schools where cell phones are banned
it is not uncommon to have lessons interrupted by ringing or vibrating
phones. In a 2004 survey, 70 percent of students said they had talked or
sent a text message on the cell phone while in class. One high school
teacher told the Yomiuri Daily, “Even if I warned a student, the student
will send a reply within five minutes. There are students who, despite
repeated warnings, continue to send e-mail.”
In January 2009, the Ministry of Education issued a notice calling on
primary and middle schools to prohibit students from bringing cell
phones to school. By that time more than 90 percent of primary and
middle schools already has such bans in place. Objections to the ban has
come from parents who like their children to carry cell phones for
security reasons. According to the ministry guidelines parents that
insist their kids have cell phones for emergencies would have to submit a
formal request.
Wakayama Prefecture was one of the first to ban students from bringing
cell phones to schools. It did it in 2002. But even today about one of
third of Wakayama students bring their phones to school.
In December 2008, the Osaka prefectural government introduced a new
regulations aimed at preventing students from using cell phones in
public primary, middle and high schools in the Osaka area. The ban
doesn’t prevent students from having their cell phones on them, only
using them. Many thought the plan was unworkable.
A study in March, 2004 found that 70 percent of high schools allow
students to bring cell phones to school. Of these about 90 percent
required that the phones be turned off while the students are in school.Stressed Students in Japan
A 1996 survey of Osaka high school students found that 80 percent felt
stressed, 86 percent weren't getting enough sleep and 40 percent were
getting less than six hours of sleep a night. See Exam Hell Above.
A 12-year-old who spent New Year's day (Japan's biggest holiday)
studying at a boarding cram school for his middle-school entrance exam
said, "Studying this hard make me feel miserable sometimes. These are
times when I encourage myself by thinking: wait and see—my great New
Year's and years of fun will follow these exams.”
Students with special needs and learning disabilities such as attention
deficient hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and even mental retardation
attend normal classes with other students but also take special classes
that address their particular needs. There also classes for absentee
students to help them develop social skills.Smart Japanese Kids
In 1995, Sho Yano, a 9-year-old third generation Japanese-American won
admission to Loyala University after scoring 1,500 on his SATs. A year
later he graduated from university at the age of 10, a record.
At eight months Yano could read the television lists. At one he could
order food from a menu at a restaurant. His mother told him not to speak
in public because she was tired of people staring. Some referred to him
as "natto brain" because of his habit of eating natto at an early age.
At the age 4 he was told he had photographic memory and an IQ of 200. He
was raised in a Chicago suburb. He likes mathematics and music.
Toshiki Kataoka, a 12-year-old six th grader from Matsuzaka in Mie
Prefecture, made the shortlist to represent Japan in a prestigious
international math competition. While in elementary school he studied
middle school and high school math with his father, a doctor.
Sho Yano entered the University o Chicago when he was nine. He
graduated with top honors at 12 and entered the University of Chicago’s
School of Medicine, becoming the youngest person to obtain a PhD from
the university which he achieved in 2009. He said he plans to stay in
the university and get a degrees in medicine. According to the Guinness Book of Records, Hioryuki Goto of Tokyo recited pi to 42,195 places in Tokyo in February 1995.Image Sources: 1) 2) 7) 11) 13) June of Goods from Japan 3) 5), 6) 8), 9) 10) 12) Guven Peter Witteveen 4)exorsyst blog 14) Andrew Gray Photosensibility, 15) Ray Kinnane
Text
Sources: New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, Daily
Yomiuri, Times of London, Japan National Tourist Organization (JNTO),
National Geographic, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Reuters, AP, Lonely
Planet Guides, Compton’s Encyclopedia and various books and other
publications.
Sources : factsanddetails.com
© 2009 Jeffrey Hays
Last updated July 2012
Menurut
sejarah, pulau yang luasnya 135 km2 (kira-kira setengah dari luas
Singapura) ini masuk dalam catatan tertulis sudah sejak tahun 1615.
Beberapa tahun kemudian, Kapten William Mynors dari East India Ship
Company vessel, Royal Mary ketika berlayar pada tanggal 25 Desember 1643
melewati pulau ini dalam perjalanannya. Nama Christmas kemudian
diberikan atas penemuannya itu, dan sekarang lebih familiar dengan
sebutan Christmas Island.
